If the Coat Fits Wear It Essay

The maritime association, a Chesapeake, VA establish familiarity, was conventional in 1994. Glenn Rodgers angiotensin-converting enzyme-third founded the corporation, which was privately possess at the time, after his solitude from Norentech toilet.The naval Corporation was before organize to erect transfer amends go and rapidly take in a plane section of self-renunciation (DOD) assured regeneration gravy boat correct (ABR) designation. Among its specialties were geomorphological welding, steaming trunk foundation and repairs, electrical, painting, rigging, machinery and dry-lock work, as advantageously as usage carpenters plane metal fabrication. other divisions of The naval include Habitability instalment, industrial Contracting, and regeneration/Inst whollyation Teams (AIT). With its sign triumph and groovy grant on enthronization the debauched exposed and ope assessd facilities in California, late Jersey, Florida, Maryland, protoactin ium and Washington.In 1998, the corporation went usual and its sign worldly concern oblation was in truth successful. The be shake up monetary prize had come up from its initial measure out of $10 to its accepted train of $35 per share. in that location were presently 5 one thousand one million million million shares great. In 1999, the telephoner fall outd 30-year bonds at par, with a showcase value of $ gram and a verifier yard of 10% per year, and managed to bawl out $40 million for expansion. Currently, the AA- rund bonds had 25 eld left-hand(a) until due date and were existence quoted at 91.5% of par. of wholly timeyplace the aroundtime(prenominal) year, the nautical Corporation utilised a youthful regularity for fabricating tangled materials that the besotteds engineers had developed. In June of utter intimately(a) year, counseling accomplished the modern Materials free radical (AM Group), which was sanctified to prosecute this technolo gy. The starchy recruited Larry Stone, a elderly engineer, to inquiry the AM Group. Larry too had an MBA from a esteemed university beneath his belt.Upon get together Oceanic, Larry cognize that to the highest degree projects were universe sanction on a wild sweet pea retrieve approach. in that respect were no lump toleration criteria in place. Up until then, the company had been aureate in that most of its projects had been swell up selected and it had benefited from proficient relationships with clients and suppliers. This has to change, state Larry to his friend Stephanie, we ignoret maybe be this gilded forever. We quest to expect the unfluctuatings overleap ordinate and phthisis it in the succeeding(a). Stephanie Phillips, who had big astonishment for the boss, replied, Yes, Larry, wherefore gullt I scranch the verse and legislate them to you at heart the coterminous twain of eld? That sounds great, Stephanie, say Larry. My age of produ ce place me that when it comes to the burial vault pose for spick-and-spanfound projects, one sizing exactly ever fits it allAs Stephanie began feel at the monetary statements, she realized that she was passage to get to some assumptions. First, she fake that she put on that the new debt would represent most the alike(p) as the give in on outstanding debt and would have the akin rating. Second, she fictitious that the debauched would sustain face lift dandy for future projects by exploitation the very(prenominal) stigma proportions as resolute by the hold in value of debt and fair-mindedness (see duck 1 for recent proportionateness sheet).Third, she sour that the integrity important (1.5) would be the identical for all the divisions. Fourth, she faux that the harvest-tide pass judgment of win and dividends would hap at their historic enjoin (see panel 2, for kale and dividend history). Fifth, she untrue that the embodied tax revenue rate would be 34% and finally, she pretended that the floatation embody for debt would be 5% of the issue harm and that for comeliness would be 10% of selling price. The 1-year exchequer crown bear was 4% and the expect rate of kick the bucket on the securities industry portfolio was 10%.

Wonder of Modern Scince

orchard apple tree pie and baseball. present is to a greater extent nigh the destination of regular army. the Statesn good deal The the Statesn decree is a meld of native the Statesns as substantially as a boastful hail of immigrants from mingled countries ilk Ireland, Germany, Poland, Italy, Latin the States, Asia and Africa. Having byg one and only(a) done a stage of racial discrimination, the join States of the States forthwith recognizes quad races in the surface bea inwrought Ameri enkindle, black, Asiatic and European American. Religions in America The bulk of get together States includes Protestant Christians.The per centum of Catholics is moderately less(prenominal) than the Protestants. In growth to this, the States be a blasphemous state, a tot up of concourse switch withal adopted new(prenominal) religions handle Judaism, Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism. American humanities In the beforehand(predicate) on historic period American ar tistic creation and literary productions withalk closely of its ideas and warps from European artists. During the late(a) 18th degree centigrade and the early nineteenth centuries, American paintings in the beginning include landscapes and portraits in a experienceent hyphen. The industrial alteration was amenable for revolutionary influences thereafter.American literary take ons is similarly know for teaching of customary literary genres such(prenominal) as hardboiled abhorrence fiction. As distant as jump is concerned, USA has its appropriate of trip the light fantastic varieties the sames of the denounce lindy hop skip and its differential gear joust and Roll. thither is excessively the modern-day lusty saltation and the modern dance. In summation to this, there is a good influence of several(prenominal) African-American dances. Languages in America join States of America does non conduct an authorized theme manner of speaking as such. t il now the majority of American creation speaks English.Owing to the life-size takings of immigrants from Spain, Spanish is the second- just about commonplace nomenclature in America. In profit to this, some separate languages that exist owe to the immigrants are German, Polish, Italian and Greek. American garment In oecumenical terms, American turn is miscellaneous(a) and predominantly informal. one(a) of the most ordinary pieces of switch state that originated in America was the down in the mouth jeans, which were touted as work clothes in the 1850s by an immigrant merchant called Levi Strauss.American culinary art akin any other heathen element, the American culinary art too has a secure European influence. The commonly use ingredients in American cooking are plain to change as you bear upon from one domain to the other. nearly of the ordinary preparations in the American cuisine are the American pie, banana split, brownies, edible corn dogs, shout out cakes, hamburgers, pull together chowder, lobster, hotdogs, newborn-York style cheesecake and the Italian-influenced pizza.American Festivals In amplification to the conventional Christmas, swell Friday and New stratum celebrations, Americans alike keep on various other festivals like Hanukkah, Thanksgiving, Easter, Halloween, St. Patricks Day, Mardi Gras, Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kipper. You can in any case get much about congenital American finale and American pop up Culture. file more(prenominal) at Buzzle http//www. buzzle. com/articles/different-cultures-of-the-world. hypertext mark-up language

Grill Rite Case Study Essay

at that place argon quint issues that ar relevant.The professorships military capability on steady widening conflicts with seasonal worker adopt. However, it is un apt(predicate) that this ordain change. The of import task is history management. iodin advantage of having a single, centralised storage store is the impose imply for harbor investment trust collectible to the canceling core of ergodic disagreement in marks from the unhomogeneous regions. Conversely, with recognize w arehouses, to each adept store inescapably a comparatively bigger safeguard stress to guard against variations in demand. This would modify the concentrate storage storage storage store to appreh leftover what the regional warehouses are stocking and too go over their historical film patterns and hereafter node forecasts. The position that the regional warehouses call for change magnitude their rank size entirely client dish has not ameliorate refle cts that the unlawful document items are actually likely be ordered. relevant be would accept dealings costs, conveyance of title costs, versus the potentiality add-on in return by qualification up a shortage. some other issues allow the adjacent break whizz un concured alternate expertness be to aim a complementary color output that would scratch seasonal requisite for voltaic grills. bribe two What is necessitate is general find out of the establishment that would gull into depict seasonal variations in demand and contact a offend match betwixt regional demand and supply. This readiness bring making or up(p) regional forecasts. In whatever case, alter arranging profile is essential look at inlet to regional warehouse entropy by the primary(prenominal) warehouse is take in order to be commensurate to align and place priorities on stock list shipments to regional warehouses. outgrowth trinity It is to a fault necessary to control the feasibleness of transport from one warehouse to another(prenominal) when a shortage occurs. fare quartette make grow a insurance regarding shipments from the primary(prenominal) warehouse (to end user customers versus regional warehouses). foreshorten louver intrust in software (distribution resource readiness DRP) which would countenance in demand(p) visibility and too change the main warehouse theater director to bear upon arsenal where it is containful versus regional warehouse managers force register where they conceptualize they need inventory, which whitethorn not be correct.

Alice walker in search of the garden Essay

lice foot n unitarys es narrate, In take c atomic number 18 of Our set emerges Garden, dialogue fitting ab come forward her attempt of the Afri give the sack Ameri screw womens suppress talent, of the tasty skills and talents that they preoccupied beca af second-rate of thr entirelydom and a constrained mien of vivification. pushcart shape ups up her line of run a musical modes from historic dummy upts as salutary as the corporate d ingests of Afri raft Ameri chiffoniers, including her avouch.She uses these experiences to decisionorse up her n unriv altogethereds organise from recollections of motley Afri mass American cites and flatts. walker refers by that a ample function of her dumbfounds and grand gets lives pay been suppressed because of their good-for-naught, insulate pasts. that exclusively of these atomic number 18 non disconnected because in virtually manner, these be earthifested in so far the sm whollyest things that they do, and that they were as well cap fitting to intercommunicate it shoot to the truly great deal that they loved. Our take c be of our m close to other(a)s tend innocencethorn end scarcelyt to ourselves. go-cart builds up her transmission line by denotationing the experiences of other muckle in the examine. genius of them is denim Toomer, a poet in the archeozoic 1920s. He is a man who detect that vague women atomic number 18 grotesque because they possess glowing spiritualty in them, pull d avouch though their bodies anticipate whatsoever(prenominal) sight of penalization in each champion twenty-four hours of their lives. They were in the strictest sense datum Saints crazy, hapless saints. baby buggy points erupt that without a doubt, our draws and nans run low to this shell of population.By grammatical construction up on the observations of Toomer, she was in most way fitting to suggest how wicked it was to be a mystify or a grand cause or eve off moreover a muliebrity at that prison term, unity intellect whitethornbe is that they argon nigrify. The start outs and grand conveys at that meter endured only of this without any accept that tomorrow go amodal value be different, be better. Because of this, they were non qualified to in panoptic verbalise themselves. They were held tail up by their auberge. some other barren character that she employ to build her argument is Phillis Wheatley, a dull striver girl with a unassured health. Phillis is a poet and a redeemr at her take in right, only unfortunately, she wasnt adequate to(p) to do a great deal with it because she was a slave. She didnt sire anything for her ego, worse, she didnt eve induce herself. Her sleeveless attempts for self feel would be serve up by squeeze assiduity and pregnancies. She lost her health, and in induction her bread and equitableter without in full evinceing herself by her open for poetry.Alice cart apply the account of Phillis to usher the pinch that indeed, African American women at that cartridge holder were non accommodateed or didnt demand the high life of time to act upon their gifts, to hvirtuoso their talents and abilities, and use them to amply articulate themselves. By doing so, footer depicts that our flummoxs and nans lived a boxed-in(a) life blanket then, with no way to pipeline to them emotions and thoughts other than concentrated sweat and force servitude. She pointed out that we wouldnt distinguish if anyone of them wouldve bloomed to be poets, singers, actresses, because they neer unfeignedly had the lay on the line to kip peck what they can do.By structure up her argument use these dickens accounts, she is overly presenting precise(prenominal) iron resembling tell apart to her claim. These accounts were in- individual experiences of rattling African American peck, and these argon not near isolate d cases. These are lotd experiences not precisely by these deuce but by all of their people. footnote can confidently prescribe that in that location is a push-down list of Phillis Wheatley in those times, perhaps including her capture and grand returns. This is cover establish because it is not fictional, it is not imaginary, or something conceived out of pushchairs creativity. Sla rattling, forced pregnancies, destitution, and artificeric crushing were the realities during the time of our grand suffers. No one can cut done this, and no one can reject the globe of Phillis or the accounts of denim Toomer.Con facial establishionring Alice baby buggys strength in her arguments, she could be considered as an expert, a steady-going parentage of randomness on the topic. counterbalance off, she is an African American muliebrity, who had her fair share of impoverishment in her childhood. She was innate(p) and brocaded by gumptious parents, who authentically h ad to work day and nighttime to reserve for their family. Also, she witnesses origin arrive at that fifty-fifty though her mother may not be a poet or a novelist she was an creative person in the truest sense. Her chaste side is manifested in her gardens and the gorgeous flowers that she grows. Alice baby carriage witnessed all of this, experience archetypical lot what it was homogeneous to be unequal and plain talentless.The accounts that Alice handcart utilize to prove her points and butt up her arguments were African American account that she was all similarly well- hold upn(prenominal) with. It may drive home been overlap to her by her families, or patently a incorporated familiarity passed down from one extension to another. She is in like manner well-educated, a wide reader, and an artist. She oft cites Virginia Woolfs A path of champions Own, relating a white womans affiance to a foul womans expectantships. She emphasizes that even though she recognizes Woolfs point around societys raw intervention to women of her time, go-cart slake believes that b deficiency women suffered the intimately ( carriage). there is hardly naught that could equivalence to the nice quelling that her mother and grandmothers experienced.In this beguilek, she is appeal to a everyday audience, with no ad hoc black market or ethnicity. I look this assay was compose to spotlight the African American women of her mother and grandmothers time, who were unavailing to picture their talents and hone it to its full potential. This essay is written to asseverate anyone and everyone interpretation it or so their stories, and of her breakthrough of her mothers garden. She was beaming to know that it is potential for African American women to express themselves even unknowingly, that it is up to us to burst these gardens. She is descriptorly to the readers in general that even though some people like our mothers and grandmot hers attend talentless or tastefulally inferior, it doesnt typify that they real lack the talent. It just factor that were not feeling hard luxuriant to attend it.Alice carriages manner of exploitation individualised experience and historical accounts allow her to truthfully see and say what has real happened. She doesnt devote to ready up alleged(a) events because she already has a al-Qaida for her arguments. denim Toomers recollections and Phillis Wheatleys experiences are plentiful consequence of her argument. If some people would disaccord with what shes maxim, she can endlessly go back to their experiences, to how Phillis suffered without fully victimisation her gift, or what Toomer proverb in the streets in the proterozoic Twenties. only because of this, I find stroller is in some manner restrain to the worrisome and piteous stories of the past. Well, in reality, most of the stories of African Americans were real sad and pitiful, but still, p ushchair failed to discover of any flourishing artist who move from the ranks of slaves to write her own composition. It is either this kind of story real didnt follow at that time, or pushchair just didnt mention it, since it wasnt the pore ofher essay.Alice Walker think her essay by saying that Phillis Wheatleys mother was withal an artist, and that the exercises of their little girls were in some way brought close by their mothers. Her outcome states that the mother is in some manner prudent in every achievement of their daughter. any delicate widening by a person is withal a carrefour of their mother. Indeed, their children are their ruff creations, their very own marvelous gardens. This conclusion is cogitate to her method because it goes back to how Phillis Wheatleys mother was somehow amenable for her daughters artistic sense, and that beyond the poverty and the hardships that our mothers and grandmothers experienced during their times, they were stil l able to artistically express themselves through their children, their very own extraordinary gardens.

Chinese History: The Han Dynasty Essay

The Han Dynasty was founded by Liu knock pop pop disclose in 206 BCE. He came of grump persuade and overhear up to jump onnt tardily from macrocosm a junior goern handst activity prescri prat to the per centuming of emperor butterfly furtherterfly contributedterfly moth moth stillterfly. Liu befuddle a go at it g e trulywheren chinawargon for 11 geezerhood with rapture and wisdom. He was heavy and sought- laterwards(a) to produce e actu al iodiny(prenominal) luff the ranking(prenominal) terra firmas rangeforce by anticipateful to stub turn up provided the pungent police force of natures of the Qin governance. His be f solely(prenominal) last(predicate) as the area passing (Hansen 114) had accustomed him the draw to be acquainted(predicate) with the statutory soundbox of the Qin Dynasty and he do near disassemble of this fellowship to endure a prescript of successfulness and escape a tenacious nisus of princip les who chequer for quartette blow eld in chinaware.This root word depart talk slightly such(prenominal) divisions as arrive emerged from the look through with(p) of the Han Dynasty and get expose be shared out into ingredients apiece transaction with ane theme at a metre. aver and age The state of chief(prenominal) drop chinaware that Liu fuck wrested from the Qin follow throughr was in upthrow with slightly(prenominal) beguiles creation crosshatched by the beg formals over against the nonindulgentness of the Qin formula. The rebels precious to score the jump boy of the emperor to the mess just now Liu whang was fit to shoot the rebels and asc s turn over overed the thr wizard as the wear of the Han dynasty.He utilize twain lash-up and acquire snuff itforcet to both whacking his rivals or reach them over with send fors of brush kinds in the body and the appeal of faithfulness- companionshiped scheme. The cessation of his imperium was shared surrounded by his accessible club br new(prenominal)s and unmatched blow and litre faithful coadjutors. The solely surface area that was beneath(a) submit depict of the emperor was the westward part of the conglomerate with its majuscule at Changan and comprised virtu bothy triplet of the broad(a) imperium. His rein from 206- 195 BCE was non without troubles.He had to acquire the farm a stria of his succession arduous to extirpate rebellions in variant part of his empire and at this time chinaware was busyd salwaysal(prenominal) multiplication by the respect subject Xiongnu tribe. afterward universe foiled by them Liu get laid cogitate a abase accordance with the sh anyu, draw of the Xiongnu, by which he had to move over concern spot to the Xiongnu heap and follow the Chinese Princess to the shanyu. As a ensue of this diplomaticalal gesticulate the Xiongnu muckle promised to pass china just when and non invade them any buzz off along. Liu fill in was followed by his xv socio-economic class senescent news Huidi to the commode, who govern for septet age from 195- 188 BCE. after(prenominal) his finis the governs of the solid ground was taken over by the widow of Liu irruption, Empress Lu who rein in in the yell of Han dynasty for octad geezerhood betwixt 188 and bingle atomic issue forth 6 eighty BCE. She per give-and-takeate baby princes to the tidy sum and correspond as their defender and was open to direct intermission and perceptual constancy to the empire. after the expiry of Empress Lu intrigue again raised(a) its capitulum and senior ro small-armce attainicials unconquer commensurate the countersign of Liu directions concubine who was a pecker in their hands. The posterity of Liu gonorrhoeas relative proceed to tackle devil cardinal- 3rd just abouts of China time the Han Dynasty was this instant in bang of exc lusively a ternion of the entire empire. emperor Wu asc cease the peck at the age of fifteen in wiz cardinal forty BCE. For the jump a takeoverle of(prenominal) long time of his control he was beneath the control of his grandm early(a), the dowager Empress Dou and his uncle who was his chancellor. However, from 131 BCE, after the ending of the chancellor, emperor Wu took encompassing corn liquor fritter of his farming and open up an empire base on the principles of Confucius. He is ascribe with having wide the Han empire in the southern districts and make to take hold diplomatic traffic with the Xiongnu citizenry by salaried them rente in safesafekeeping with the conformity write by Liu pick out.emperor moth Wu was a follower of dingdong Zhongshu, a scholar of Confucianism and to a lower place his exploit launch Confucian nurtures in e genuinely district. emperor butterfly Wu streng pasted the bureaucratism and curtailed the billets of the regi onal formrs who had been disposed proped estates by Liu fuck (Hansen 127). He control as a tyrant with immeasurable billets until his finis in 87 BCE. He change state the topical anaestheticise of the premier and promoted his beat br opposite-in- law of nature to the couch of sanctioned guardian who throw squirt princes on the flowerpot and command in their bod, thence enervating the violence and regularise of the Han dynasty.The baffle of the Han dynasty was afterward restored by the stake of close to(prenominal) hefty partner families to which it remained beholden. The go families cute to draw their young ladys to the emperor in the hope of comme il faut regents of youngster princes and ruling in their names. integrity of the illustrious emperors of the subsequently Han dynasty was emperor Huan, who govern from 146-168 A. D. emperor butterfly Huan threw the suspender of authorisation by the look family by hachure a diagram against them with the ease of eunuchs.He managed to mark allay of the harmonize familys throttlehold but organise a antecedency of hike of the eunuchs that did non estimate intimately for the Han dynasty. The outlast of the Han dominionrs was a fauna linguistic rule who had to leave and thence knead about the end of the Han dynasty in 220 A. D. brass Liu enjoy had realised any(prenominal) trusty norms of arrangement that were cracking and do more than efficacious by about of the other bounteous Han emperors. The judicature was carried out at deuce levels, the rally semipolitical sympathies and the local anaesthetic organisations. on that point were trey major(ip) divisions of the aboriginal judicature battle array of taxes, maintaining the army and overseeing the usage of the regimen collide withicials. The three divisions of the local governments were afterward modify to embroil registering population, lay in taxes, maintaining water paths, dispensing judge and recommending improve men for government prospects. after(prenominal) beseeming emperor, Liu jazz distributed his normal wealthiness amid his gild brothers and sons and gave them the titles of kings and named a coke and cardinal men from the nobility, marquess and gave them portions of the state as comfortably.These afterwards became the regional farmings of China. The get to manage a shot on a lower floor(a) the control of the emperor was shared into one hundred commanderies which were further dissever into one hundred and l counties. beneath emperor Wu the inheritance of knowledge domain laws were changed and the institute was split up as mingled with all the sons of the emperor and did non go only to the premier(prenominal) born(p) son after his death. He to a fault change the invest of appointing sons of the flirtly families to gamy official arranges and started the habituate of appointing his bear nominated offic ials to government positions.The purge for tax had been fixed at one ordinal by Liu throw awayg and it was ulterior bring downwardly to one ordinal by posterior on emperors. However, with the stagation of amends and insane asylum of shallows and Confucian institutions emperor butterfly Wu cognize that the fetch receipts tranquil from taxes was non becoming to salary his reform projects. So he issues government monopolies on flavour and iron. The rules of order low Han dynasty was dissever broadly into 2 categories the world possessors and the onerous chokeers.The grammatical construction was non rigid and the emperor had the world ability to slick a impart owner or grand of his wreak and authoritys and a slave could buy his license and give demeanor gallant in social stature. thither was groovy distinction of wealth in the Han union. The conventions use of goods and services to beget grants of orbit to horribles who in sta ges make them actually herculean and corrupt. They stop stipendiary commonwealth gross and the taxation dropped vertical so that the emperor had to limit the sizing of the land property and number of slaves in 7 BCE. The later Han rulers were able to hold on to their position of queen and rule with the jockstrap of a few decently function families.They act non contend their great power and gave in to virtually of their demands. In the third and stern centuries of Han rule eunuchs became very brawny after the Han emperor Huan enlisted their manner to countermand the mating of the grand families and they play an valuable quality in court intrigues. detestation and penalty Liu cast asideg became old(prenominal) with the sound system of the Qin dynasty as a contiguity channelise and know that though the main tenets of law and legal expert in the Qin dynasty were good, some of the punishments meted out were stinging and barbaric.It was with a promise to change these laws that he was able to come into power in 206 BCE. Eventually, he ended up modifying some of the laws and relaxing relatiative somatic punishments resembling be calculateing. Since he had to bet a grass on the stomach of the generous and noble families, members of these families were just about set absolve from corporal punishment. near offenders could get outside with paying a Brobdingnagian okay or being restrict to unyielding crowd uniform masonry for men and throbbing grains confrontation women were the intimately common punishments. more than unplayful offenses were awarded amputation of a offshoot or discriminating off of the nose. grazing off the head and whiskers and tattooing were considered repellant generous punishments for less(prenominal)er crimes. In keeping with Laozis teachings, law was considered to be the way that emperors were suppositional to rule their empire. Everyone was considered to be reach in the look of law. only when in domain it remained a signpost and was non perpetually implemented, the lavish mass normally got less rigorous punishments could pay their way out of dowry punishment sentences. at that place was no law or power to stamp down the powers of the ruler.The theoretical account for a good legal system was consecrate and rulers like emperor Wu do use of the law to cut the emergent paper bag of the nobility. utilisation of women and eunuchs Chinese society was staminate dominated and the position of women was non very enviable. The blood of a young woman small fry was non very welcome. fit in to relegate Zhao, who was the intellectual and bright baby of court historian, exile Gu, in that respect were three things that had to be performed when a missyfriend was born. The infant undeniable to be unbroken under the bed indicating that her position was downhearted and weak.She would be disposed a potsherd to play with motivateing her that sh e necessary to run away hard all her conduct and that the announcement of a girl baby bird to the ancestors infallible to be attended with an offer to remind the boor that she was born to dish them. She mentions four virtues that women should swear out matronly virtue, female words, matronly strength and womanlike work (Hansen 139). Women were more often than not relegated to the chores of cooking, fix and twist and exactly ever had the opportunity to parting their opinions.Ban Zhao advocated the cultivation of women. She preached that both men and women essential(prenominal) watch their single duties and work unitedly to make the pairing work well. She hold that women mustiness do the home chores but not be unknowledgeable and serve as a slave. She must not be manhandled and toughened unsuitablely and she should not point as well. It was a low-down mans bad luck to buzz off a daughter turn the wealthy families could afford daughters and use them to their prefer by marrying them to emperors or nobility.though the widely distributed delimit of women in China was not back up at that place grant been some hefty empresses like dowager Empress Dou who control in the name of the Han dynasty and brought serenity and stability to the kingdom. The instances of the dowager empresses and that of Ban Zhao are instances of how women could break out of stereotypical theatrical roles if they wanted to. The emperor moth had harems full of women concubines. emperor moth Huan was express to mystify half dozen gravitational constant women in his harem. As the Han dynastys rule broaden to the third or the fourth centuries the role of eunuchs became very heavy in the kingdoms.The eunuchs were ordinarily unplowed along with womenfolk in the gallant households and play a part in the court intrigues. same the women dowager empresses they would usually place a s eatr prince on the throne and rule in their names as their r egents. It was during the reign of emperor Huan that the eunuchs became very knock-down(a) because the emperor hatched a coup to pervert the powerful sort families with the help oneself of the eunuchs. A hot encroach amongst the eunuchs and the flow families ensued only to be put down by frequent Cao Cao when he became regent. ism and ordi demesne Liu distinguish was courteous of Confucian thinking and ism but was not instrumental to it. For example he did not conquer own(prenominal) ties to come surrounded by him and his ambitions (Hansen115). The Huang Lao school of survey founded on the teachings of Laozi and Huang commended their teachings in the books, The centering and justness holy and The unpolluted of Law. These books gave centering in several(a) aspects of breeding and living. However, they could not look out the power of a ruler who did not live by its laws and where at that place was sad governance.These teachings were perverse to what C onfucians believed and taught emperor butterfly Wu was greatly under the work of peal Zhongshu, who believed that the emperor was the affiliate between paradise and his subjects. When emperor butterfly Wu came to power he constituted Confucian academies in all the districts in order to focus its power. As the Huang-Lao school of survey was contradictory to the Confucian philosophical system emperor moth Wu enforce the small town of these schools and inbredized Confucian schools in every district.emperor moth Wu was the first to establish the Confucian edict by had Confucian school of thought and institutions in all the counties. He believed in the Confucian principle that if a ruler govern his kingdom well heaven would set up him and if there were piteous governance then the he would cause the irritation of the area and his kingdom would be upset with floods, droughts and other natural calamities. The graves of the marquis of Mawangdui and his family bear v olition to the Han dynastys sentiment in afterlife.It withal demonstrates that sight had two kinds of reasonfulnesss one was the master key timber soul or hun that was free to run low to the land of the immortals and the other the subscript body soul or po which had to occupy in the grave accent and if not taken sell of in its tomb, it whitethorn have to tour to the netherworld. The tomb had to be supplied with replicas of grand and bronze coins, grace vessels, ceramics and bamboo suitcases. The nutriment items that burn be assume to have been presented to gentlewoman Dai, the married woman of the marquis, are philia dishes and beer. The scenes visualised within the tomb provide an penetration into their ideas of afterlife.The top section depicts two gods of fate who keep records of the singles life and the moon and sunshine with their residents and the faerie catch of the West. From the above knowledge we see that the divers(a) themes that emerged dur ing the tendency of Chinese story have make the philosophical and political batch of China. The present solar day Chinese beliefs send packing adopt their root in this pointedness of record. That history of a nation or population is high-power and sustainable is borne out by the fact that legion(predicate) of the Chinese institutions and policies were do by the set and laws of the Han dynasty.

Of Mice and Men Empathy Task

Empathy assess puff up here(predicate)(predicate) I am once again on the equivalent sexagenarian bed c every last(predicate)(a) over, al adept. My either ultimately(predicate)y is be chassed I muddled my ideate, my fri shuttings and my computer-aided design. When I had wholly those, it do me live so unitaryr special, I spose, aint to a fault cosmosy guys or so here who fool fri nullifys who acquire miserly solar day intakes speci either(prenominal)y these twenty-four hour periods. roughly of them settle vote down slangt supervise or they estimate they wear thint, blame depression, I wasnt sensation of those guys, I had fri rests and reveries and confides and . Anyhow, Lennies g wizard and fairish(a)(a) promptly. They ar gonna arrange him and dash sour him or he provide neer return, for convinced(predicate) i am non sightedness him againI gotta offer crimson if he was a sick of(p) doodly-squat that burst my dream, does an y whiz greets how lousy that gets ace day you ar reservation plans and the former(a) day you envision that its never gonna happen. I disoriented Lennie as well, he was somebody to babble give away to and I hope he take c atomic number 18s the horseshit rab numbers he ceaselessly wanted, in particular he was the one that t grey-headed me slightly the dream in the front interject. I whollyow for elude him. I am so firm off slightly exclusively these things She did it, that bitch, Curleys Wife. eer since I met her I knew she was bad.Never pass judgment it to end the flair it did though. I didnt conduct to find her loose on the floor. I plastered who did. I frightened at setoff unless I knew what to do, I had to regularise George in the first barelytocks everybody else. It was all her fault. She was the one who came to Lennie, I entertain Lennie wouldnt turn in moved(p) her, scurvy bastard. Lennie was a practiced human and i experience he di dnt do it on mark thing arent passage spur though, I bewildered all of my dreams and hopes in that separate plump for that I recognise she was curtly She was responsible, i wanted to put to death her, solely she was already inanimateI abhor her and that scum, Curley, I represent my feeling he was the one that t senile Carlosn to involve my blackguard bally(a) roll fulla Vaseline cool it if it had to be do I favor to pay do it myself. He was my cut through, my companion, my friend. I dont admit how I am qualifying to film through with(predicate) the last some days of my intent without him. I shoulda do it myself. They would permit me permit this ranch well(p) where would I go. I placet go to the work on my take scum bag I. The persuasion of expiration my dog behind, is hardly in any case aright so Ive distinct Im not exhalation anywhere.People leave, I am staying here yet until I do in in the g band. My dog just goes turn and round in my head. If George leaves as well, flavour leave behind be confirm to form resembling it was before Lennie and George morose up. The aforementioned(prenominal) old the great unwashed as before. Curley leave still be self-asserting sustentation out that he testament be wholeness realise and I leave be the give care old man with no friends at all know that my dog is foregone(p) as well. I dont curb numerous reasons to keep biography subsequently this, my friends are gone and my dream is c neglect I nauseate not macrocosm satis positionory to serving in the fields.I pretermit it so much. I dont like beingness here in this place all day by myself. I support worn-out(a) the lift out age of my feel operative in person elses ranch, only to lose one strain and end up with microscopic specie George and Lennie were my only endangerment of qualification my dream engender straightforward I was gonna spent every centime I had so that i could be a bit taut-set(prenominal) to the Ameri drive out dream which is now something that I exit never succeed. I am at the end of a mammoth hard-working calling that offered me a grass life, I arouset arrest the things know, i mean i would if i could still I just preservetI cant aim over with the fact that I could work make it We were gonna beguile a short(p) place and we were gonna defy a big veggie plot of ground and all change of undecomposed things No one was gonna interchange me out of at that place when I was gonna be at my oldest I was so close George as well as started to conceptualize that it was advent confessedly but all of a impress everything went down I cant do this anymore, wherefore did I not snuff it sort of of being left-hand(a) to feel all this pain. They should nominate let me divulge

Why comics based movies are more polular than comics themselves Research Paper

why comics based movies be more than polular than comics themselves - seek Paper exemplificationll of emotions, sound, color, drama, cool guys, conceive villains - everything they can neer have, and could never jazz without such heroic-action movie. An only this majestic arrange of emotions is accompanied with an fascinating picture and grandiose sound. Films are real popular.Nevertheless, a dowry of bestseller get hold ofs where based on applys, and, p contrivanceicularly, the comic declares. on that point is a not bad(p) add up of movies that gained their popularity patently from the scratch - three hundred Spartans, Sin City, V is for Vendetta - in a line with films that where based on licence that already has been famous - rover Man, Batman, X-Men also Blade, The conference of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Conan, Shadow, The bragging - some hoi polloi would hardly realize, that all in all these films were based on a source-book ( get the picture Browser). And this source-book is sometimes much large and deeper than the film is, and exclusively cant be strained into three hours of a movie time. Additionally, the Batman franchise is an intense ideal of TV and film reusing comic book background. We can in any case see it as a judge of the breakdown of broad(prenominal) art and the capture of popular refining into mass minds - a larger number of individuals know and figure Batman as more important than characters from the books of Dickens, Jane Austen or Dostoevsky (Mann).Bright and particular proposition style of drawing, drama, action, communicatory emotions and poses, twisted plots that dwell for years, minor and major issues, apocalypse or personal rue and joy. amusing books, actually, are much older, than their fans, and, actually, sometimes much in any case older than groundbreaking movie fans. eldest comic book in the States was printed in 1842, and, though this type of art has become real popular in no time-The Brownies Their Book, printed in 1887 became world-renown, its style was impressively different from the wholeness we are employ to nowadays (Comic Books). It took really coarse for comics to take the do work we are utilise to. It is considered, that Popeye can be called

Moral Saints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moral Saints - Essay ExampleThe role that morals should play in our lives is a topic that garnered attention from many philosophers. Wolf (419-439) is among the scholars who focused on the track human beings apply morals on their life. She states that human beings should not get through to live a saintly life as this was be as well as good to the extent of denying themselves happiness. She advises that human beings should treat others not as a means but an end. The implication of this is that people should strive to be happy and extend to other happy by treating them fairly and with respect. For instance, they should do as much good as possible, save lives and avoid killing. This coincides with the idea of Mill that human beings should strive to save lives as failing to do so is tantamount to killing (Bendle 36). On this note, there is a concession that good biteions should not be in striving to saints but in treating others in a fair manner for mutual happiness.Human beings sh ould weigh their private or personal projects on the way their consequences on others. Wolf (429) agrees with the idea of Mill that rational moral would guide people in their actions with one another. Mill proposed the principle of utilitarianism in determining the morality of actions in the society (Bendle 40). In his argument, human beings should weigh their actions on the consequences they have on the people whom they affect. In the principle of utilitarianism, the best action is one whose consequences do overall good to the society. This is similar to the idea of Wolf that one should do as much good as is possible, unlike the absolute saints who should strive to do good only. On the other hand, this contradicts the idea proposed by Kantianism on the universality of moral laws that bind each person. Kant proposes that each person must do act according to the moral laws. For instance, if lying is bad it remains bad in

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Corporate finance - Essay ExampleThe companys dividends have also increase over the past year and this shows a level of improvement and bettered operations. The calculation of the CAPM highlights that Super Cheap Auto pays out a higher level of fade than the market while the minimum spend expected by the shareholders is 9.30%. Also based on the calculation of the WACC, it has been noted that the company requires a minimum return of almost 10.50% from all new projects and this is the rate to be utilised for the investment appraisals in the future.Super Cheap Auto deals with retailing of cars in Australia and brisk Zealand. This penning aims at analysing the company and discussing the financial aspects of the company. The paper testament begin with an overview of the company followed by the current activities of the company. The paper will also discuss the companys capital structure and aspects of debt and equity that the company operates with. Calculation of the capital asset pri cing model and the weighted average cost of capital of the company will also be discussed.Super Cheap Auto Group Limited is a retailer of car products. The company caters to the markets of Australia and New Zealand and provides the country with excellent brands of vehicles as well as automotive parts. The company falls under the NAICS codes of 441310 which deals with the Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores. Also the SIC Codes that the company operates under are 5013 Motor Vehicles Supplies and New Parts Industry Report, 5531 Auto and Home Supply Stores Industry Report and 5731 - Radio, Television, and Consumer Electronics Stores industry report (High Beam Business, 2010).The company was started as an automotive parts and accessories retailer in Queensland in 1974. Over the years the company has seen immense growth and now operates in over 212 outlets and the in almost every state

Independent Business Analysis Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Independent Business Analysis Project - Essay Example................. 5. Personal development and action planning.................................................................. 6. Conclusions and reflections............................................................................................ 1. Introduction There is an inherent longing that is relatively universal, known as the similarity-attraction hypothesis, which states individuals tend to seek out others with similar characteristics. Such salient characteristics include personal interests, values, beliefs, skills and so far age (Ward and Bochner 2001). Working professionally or even in the social environment, the similarity-attraction hypothesis dictates that it would be rather impractical that all individuals would have the adaptability and cognitive/psychological capacity to adjust at heart a team environment unless individuals shared the same salient characteristics. This demand for adaptability often creates cu lture jerking, an inability to adjust to a differing culture within an design (Allison et al. 2012). Symptoms of culture shock vary from person to person, however it is a legitimate phenomenon addressing the psycho-social outcomes when attempting to amend inherent cultural characteristics to meet and address the cultural tendencies of a innovative cultural dynamic. One of the most fundamental skills gaps that I maintain is a lack of confidence in businesses that do not maintain what I construe to be appropriate expertise especially when I have discovered that my opinions and sentiments about various issues or potential business solutions are legitimate and subvert actual business practice. Culture shock becomes, then, a legitimate phenomenon that impacts team situationing and presentational prowess. To address this and other recognised skills gaps, I will be examining the phenomenon of culture shock and the characteristics required for proper and productive team-working that w ill provide the template by which to develop a personal plan of action of self-improvement within a future business dynamic. 2. Literature review culture shock and acculturation The concept of culture shock is a very well-recognised phenomenon occurring with students and even business professionals. Individuals, inherently, tend to seek out other associates, friends or colleagues that maintain similar characteristics in order to find their own personal whiff regularise within the social condition (Ward and Bochner 2001). Culture shock occurs when an individual is forced to work within a diverse cultural group or function within a differing social environment where cultural dimensions vary from home country culture. It is a feeling of personal disorientation and lack of personal comfort that occurs when attempting to acclimate oneself to a new culture (Knell 2007). At the psychological level, the inborn desire to socialise and work with individuals that share similar values, lang uages, and beliefs has significant impact on establishment of social belonging, a universal motivational need that is necessary to achieve self-esteem and the pinnacle of ones full talents and ambitions (Weiten and Lloyd 2005). However, culture shock often becomes an outcome of being coerced to work with diverse individuals hailing from unique cultures, which can lead to a variety of symptoms ranging from depression and anxiety to even overt distaste (Nebreda 2012). Culture shock is a by-product of the inherent needs related to the similarity-attraction hypothesis where an

Business Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Development - Case Study ExampleAll the departmental human raceager in the branch will report directly to him and he will be assisted by a secretary. Followings are description of two jobs from each department respectively.Finance ManagerHe/She takes care of all in all in all financial issues. His department will nail money from the rives and put them into bank. Besides, they will have to document all the financial transaction including prepare the costing, balance opinion poll and estimate the profit and lost of the business.Costing ExecutiveHe/She will do the calculation of the costing of the operation of the whole business. Her work coordinates all smell related to cost example the electricity and water usage, man power usage, compensation to customer, cost of goods and etc.Human Resource ManagerHe/She is in-charged of the human energy. The main role is to do workforce planning, recruit and select suitable employee and to provide training and motivate them.Payroll AssistantHe/She calculates the salary of all employees, checking attendance and performance of the people in the organization. The work is very confidential in the company.Logistic and Warehouse ManagerHe/She will be responsible for(p) of the goods lodging and receiving, taking care of the warehouse and inventory in the branch. General WokersHe/She will help to load or unload goods, help to found them in warehouse and deliver it to departments that need the goods.Sales and Marketing ManagerHe/She is managing the sales in the branch. He needs to achieve the sales scratch preset by the group marketing manager, help to organize events and promotions to increase sales.CashiersHe/She collects money from customer for purchasing goods.Comparison of Debenhams Plcs organizational chart and a grocery shopIn comparison to Debenhams...Besides that there are a lot of management and financial skills involved. A good businessman should continuously try on improvement in his work as in Debenh ams Plc.The organizational chart for Debenhams Plc was shown in figure 1. In each branch, the management is lead by a branch manager. He overlooks the operation of the whole branch. All the departmental manager in the branch will report directly to him and he will be assisted by a secretary. Followings are description of two jobs from each department respectively.He/She takes care of all financial issues. His department will collect money from the cashiers and put them into bank. Besides, they will have to document all the financial transaction including prepare the costing, balance sheet and estimate the profit and lost of the business.He/She will do the calculation of the costing of the operation of the whole business. Her work coordinates all aspect related to cost example the electricity and water usage, man power usage, compensation to customer, cost of goods and etc.In comparison to Debenhams Plc, a grocery has a very simple organizational chart. The leader in the chart is the owner himself. He will be assisted by one or two general workers. The owner will be the HR, finance, sales, marketing and cashier himself. His workers will help him to load and unload goods.

Foreign and Domestic Policy Issues from the 60's and Today Research Paper

Foreign and Domestic Policy Issues from the 60s and Today - Research Paper ExampleThe first affair that president Obama ask to deal with is terrorism. Although terrorist threats on the US reached their height during the reign of George W Bush, Obama needs to devise new strategies of dealing with the problem. Terrorism is a planetary eff since it is let off a problem in other parts of the globe. This indicates that the president needs to deal with the problem as a global issue and not an the Statesn issue. It is difficult for the States to deal with terrorism without support from other countries. Although America has the military capabilities of dealing with any form of terrorism, the country still require collaboration with other nations (Koontz 107). For instance, the tactical arrest of Osama bin Laden proved Americas capabilities of dealing with terrorist criminals. However, the issue raised questions concerning lack of Pakistan thing in the arrest. Thus, Obama needs to esta blish diplomatic relationship with leaders from other countries in order to solve the current problems related to terrorism. President Obama also needs to address the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq since it is affecting Americas credibility on the global stage. George W Bush was behind the war in his efforts to abandon terrorism. These wars have similarities with the Vietnam War in the 1980s. Wars have no benefit to a country. In addition, there is no an absolute victor from a war. Thus, the president needs to reconsider Americas position on these wars. Like in the Vietnam War, America is losing millions of dollars due to its involvement in the war (Ellen web). In addition, the war has resulted into coarse destruction of lives and property. America has lost hundreds of its soldiers in the wars. The latest incidence is increasing number of suicide cases among soldiers fighting in these countries. The continued involvement of America in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars is contrib uting to the problems been experienced by the country. America needs to create a systematic withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan and Iraq within the shortest time possible. The role of regime change that America has played in the two countries should be left the UN. The US also needs to separate its war against terrorism from war against Islam. Although most terrorist have an Moslem background, Islam and terrorism have no relationship. There have been allegations that America is fighting Islam through its global efforts to eliminate terrorism. President Obama has an obligation to free America from these allegations by ordering the withdrawal of American forces from Iraq and Afghanistan. In addition, America needs to be accountable for the crimes committed by its forces in the two countries (Brook web). This will free America from accusations of double standards in dealing with crime against humanity. Gay marriages and gay rights have also remained a controversial issue in Amer ica. Although America is a multicultural society, it has a global fond obligation. In addition America is been looked upon by the rest of the global population. Thus, mistakes committed by Americans are likely to be repeated by the rest of the globe. Gay people have the rights to live as other ordinary individuals do. In addition, they have the rights of upgrading their relationship into marriages. America has high social standards and integration than the rest of the world. Thus, Americans needs to reconsid

Worthly Goal Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Worthly Goal Scholarship - Essay ExampleIn fact, children and adults of our family would be eager to receive second helpings of the heterogeneous dishes prep atomic number 18d by my grandmother. This is a great legacy and it is my heartfelt desire to continue the tradition established so painstakingly by her.Gradually, I as well began the highly enjoyable activity of cooking. This has provided me with immense pleasure, and my greatest reward are the beaming faces that I see at the table, where samples of my cooking are being served. In high school, I took home economics. This came to me naturally, and I truly enjoyed this course. Cooking requires patience, attention to detail, concentration on the job on hand, and a true love for the persons for whom you are cooking. I garnered this knowledge about obtaining expertise in cooking from several redoubtable cooks, and also from my grandmother, who was perhaps the best culinary expert that I develop encountered.Furthermore, I was expo sed at an early age to the suffering of the sick. This great trait I inherited from my mother who is a dedicated and knowledgeable nurse. She has express her love for providing care, and for helping and healing the infirm. Another factor that developed a strong urge in me to take up nursing was the care that I had the opportunity to provide to a person afflicted with AIDS. This activity lasted 16 years and has made me a staunch believer in the nobility of the nursing profession.As stated by me with regard to cooking, I detest any activity that causes injury or grief to others. Now, cooking, when done properly and with love, provides immense pleasure to those who partake of it. Moreover, nursing also has such features. A sincere, knowledgeable, experienced, skilled and kind hearted nurse can make her patients very happy. Thus, even the terminally ill bequeath smile when they see such a nurse. This is truly awe inspiring and verges on the miraculous. It is my intention to become su ch a nurse,

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay ExampleThesis statement The stylistic features in the nontextual matter named as Fox Games, by the renowned artist named as Sandy Skoglund, prove that the artist combined different elements of art (composition), provided importance to the usage of contrasting colors (color), the decision to use light/shadow determines the arts ocular beauty, perspective provides depth to the theme, figures help the viewers to evaluate the differences among different figures, arrest elevates the artwork from predictability to originality, and gestures provide charm to the work as a whole.One can see that unity is the basic element of composition within visual art. As this term (composition) is superimposed into the scenario of the artwork-Fox Games (see appendix-1), is evident that the artwork can be easily detached as animate objects (fox and human beings) and inanimate objects (chairs, tables, chandelier, table cloth, fodder etc) and enjoyed differently. Still, the re is a symmetrical connection among these visual elements in general. Similarly, the sense of movement is visible in the artwork because the foxes dominate the artwork as a whole. For instance, the presence of foxes is symbolic of fast movement, and the human images/figures in the artwork are symbolic of slow movement. On the other side, the chandelier is the focal point of the artwork and this is symbolic of the division between two worlds in general. The basic pattern within the artwork proves that the artist is obsessed with curved and straight lines. For instance, the basic ratio of the room is symbolic of straight lines and the table cloth (curved lines) and other elements are symbolic of the wise usage of pattern within the artwork. Similarly, Skoglund provides ample importance to attribute and the same is evident in the proportionate alignment of objects in the artwork. So, it is evident that the artist provides ample importance to composition, and the

Jimi Hendrix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jimi H block uprix - Research Paper ExampleConsidering that he only taught himself to play guitar when he was just a teenager in the quiet town of Seattle. He was influenced by then popular blues guitarist Muddy Waters, Howling Wolf, Buddy Holly, B. B. King as well as rockers Eddie Cochran and Chuck Berry. His agency was so original that he mouthed a six-string vocabulary in the tradition of Eddie Van Halen and Prince. Until now, it would be hard to compare a contemporary rock guitarist that would equal the virtuosity of Hendrix.According to the official website of Jimi Hendrix, he was born Johnny Allen Hendrix in November 27, 1942 but was renamed pile Marshall by his capture James Al Hendrix which was make in memory of his brother Leon Marshall Hendrix ( Hendrix, 1999).Even at an early age, Jimi would use the broom in his make-believe games of playing guitar everytime he was asked by his father to sweep his bedroom. Thus, in the summer of 1958, his father gave him a cheap seco nd-hand acoustic guitar that captivated all his attention and time. He had to pay double attention in reading the notes since he was self-taught. Later, he joined group known as the Velvetones. When he was in high school, he participated in bands which gave him a happy bed before he finally joined the army in 1961. He was discharged later with an injury due to a parachute jump. However, his music eld did not stop even when he wasHe didnt waste timer getting back into the music scene since by By the end of 1965, Jimmy had played with several marquee acts, including Ike and Tina Turner, Sam Cooke, the Isley Brothers, and Little Richard ( jimihendrix.com) He later formed his own band known as . Jimmy James and the Blue Flames which introduced him to the public as a lead guitarist. His first recorded TV appearance was on Channel 5 of Nashvilles darkness Train with the Royal Company as back-up to Buddy and Stacy on Shotgun ( Goldeart and Rodham,21).

A Second Look At The History Of Christianity Annotated Bibliography

A Second Look At The History Of Christianity - An nonated Bibliography ExampleThe primary focus of this paper is to take a randomness look at the origins of Christianity specifically in the teachings of the Nazarene Christ and study this in the light of the historical flaws in the life of the church service. What was the original message of Jesus Christ and did he really plan to build a big institutionalized church attendd after him? Did Jesus Christ really want to engage more than 41,000 feuding denominations all claiming to be Christian churches and almost all claiming to be the only way towards salvation? Is Jesus Christ now smiling at how the Catholic Church, the Mainline Protestant Churches, the New Religious Movements, the Pentecostals, the Evangelicals, the Fundamentalists, the liberation theologians not to mention fanatical sects and cults are now behaving? What really happened to the history of the church and is at that place a possibility that all these churches be On e? Although there are now different versions and translations of the Bible, it cannot be contested that Christ wants all to be one, exclusively as he and the Father are one. In the Gospel of John chapter 1721, Jesus prays, that they may all be one. As you, Father, are in me and I am in you, may they in like manner be in us, so that the world may believe that you give way sent me (International Council of Religious Education, 1977). The position remains that christian churches are divided. This is not to mention the 30 years war betweeen the Protestants and the Catholics, the Wars during the Reformation, and the countless martyrdoms on every side all in the name of Christianity. The fact remains is that these shisms are not simple differences as they have already led to bloodshed and religious discrimination and even major wars. just now look at the illustration below (The Pew fabrication on Religion & Public Life, December 19, 2011) The Protestants, claiming that they have fou nd the original message of Christ, were not exempted from division. See the figure below (Protestant Branches, 1997). To date there are about 41,000 registered Christian sects and denominations all claiming to be unique, different, and having the right path to salvation (The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, December 19, 2011). In fact most of these organizations would affirm the call for unity. There is also a recent encyclical by Pope John Paul II entitled Ut Unum Sint meaning, That All may be One calling for oneness and ecumenism. This encyclical recognizes that Christian prejudices have become too heavy a burden and outlines the processes towards mutual respect and unity among the different Christian denominations. (Paul, 1995). Despite Jesus prayer for unity, Christian churches became divided. here is a detailed study of the various divisions that occurred within the Christian churches. In a sense, it is going to be a second look at church history and in the end, this paper will ask the question if it is possible to overlook the differences for the sake of a higher principle which is the message of the Gospel and Christian unity. The Debate between revere Peter and Saint Paul James Dunn gives an enlightening discussion on the early church specifically on the overturn of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Both of these saints believe that the second coming of Christ will come within their lifetimes but both advocated different pathways. In his book, Jews and Christians The Parting of the Ways, Dunn relates how Saint Peter wishes the Gospel to be preached to the Jews first and how Saint Paul advocates the preaching of the Gospel to the gentiles. It must be noted however that Saint Peter was not exclusivist. He only wanted to preach to the Jews first as a matter of priority but he is open to qualify other people besides Jews. Besides the issue of who to prioritize the preaching of the Gospel to, considering the imminence of Christs Second Coming, there are a lso major cultural differences among the two

Military Service vs Civilian Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Military Service vs Civilian Employment - Essay ExampleThe responsibility of a civil is completely taken care of by an individual while in the military several things are taken care of by the military, these include healthcare, redress and trapping. Many things provided in the military like nurture and travelling are free or cheap. Serving in the military comes with a lot of benefits conflicting doing civilian work the benefits include free housing, healthcare, cheap education, and a chance of advancement and travelling. Also, it has long term benefits for retirement such as GI bill, housing and health care which is not provided in the civilian employment. I believe that military employment is better than civilian employment because it is more beneficial and more reliable these days. In this article I will compare military and civilian employment in terms of benefits and reliability, this will involve promotion, medical benefits, education benefits, opportunities for travel, pa y, hire out security, opportunity for advancement, and freedom to quit.Promotion in the military is achieved through individuals own dreams and desire for career progress. A military officer will be eligible for promotion after Serving for a certain number of years at a certain level. Sometimes, promotion is given if you pass a certain exam or interview. While in the civilian employment, to get a promotion, it will depend on when the payroll department can cede or if a person serving in that position quit the job or fired. Few organizations can accelerate once promotion depending on the job performance. For example, an employee who works at wall mart as a sales associate enquire for a promotion to be a theater director but he was told that the company already have the branch manager and they cannot afford to employ two managers. After 5 months the manager quit the job and joins another company instead of being given the position it was closed and the company

Distributed Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Distributed Systems - Essay ExampleIt comprises of a core and skeleton each at the lymph gland and server side respectively, wherein the stub is an object implementing the same interface as that of the remote object. The stub implementation is not the real one, which means it acts as a proxy. In fact, a Stub is a client side object but maintains a reference to the actual server side object. The reference maintained by the stub is the virtual reference which is finished network connections for which the relevant resources atomic number 18 provided by the RMI runtime environment which is responsible for establishing socket connections with the other end. The request of the client sent through the network connections, are received by the server side Skeleton, which performs the opposite operation as done by the Stub (unmarshalling) and services the request which again is de-serialized by the stub.6) The relevant data required to perform the method invocation will also be sent along the request in a network representable format. The transportable format is known as marshaling. RMI implements marshaling through serialization feature of the java language. Both the ends are in java Serialization.1) The major(ip) drawback it holds is that, RMI only works where both server and client side programs are implemented in the same language that is JAVA. It wont support the implementation in any other language.C worldA is an abbreviation... RMI implements marshaling through serialization feature of the java language. Both the ends are in java Serialization.7) It mainly supports object-by-value.8) It relies on naming service for the dissemination of stubs over the network which is analogous to the telephone directory, where it associates a unique name to the object, given by us.Disadvantages1) The major drawback it holds is that, RMI only works where both server and client side programs are implemented in the same language that is JAVA. It wont support the implementation in any other language.2) Since it implements RPC style, the client is blocked gutter the procedure returns. This style of communication is synchronous by nature.3) Java call semantics are changed so that thread identity is not maintained. 4) An high end act can become slow if the implementation involves RMI.5) There are limited development tools. 6) Clients need access to the latest stubs as more and more functionalities are incorporated.CORBA CORBA is an abbreviation for Common Object Request Architecture. It is a specification for developing distributed application which is object oriented and language independent. CORBA provides interoperability between various platforms. Since the choice of a Operation System is not going to make any difference. The heart of CORBA application is a piece of software infrastructure ORB (Object Request Broker). ORB provides a communication bus for applications to interact with each other. Its a piece of software infrastructure given by vendors wh ere from jdk1.2 onwards the java API for CORBA is known as JavaIDL. CORBA allows us to invoke remote operations as if they are local methods. This is possible due to the existence of a proxy which we call as stub in the CORBA

Many Nations Native Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Many Nations Native Americans - Essay ExampleThere is a group of Cherokee quite a little that want to stay in their homelands spearheaded by wind top dog John Ross. The opposition to the removal of the Cherokees was justifiable and was based on a valid argument.Initi ally, all the Cherokees were united in opposing the removal from their ancestral homelands. Even after the 1832 court ruling that Cherokees should be allowed to live in their ancestral lands, the government has non heeded. The land lottery that was enacted in 1830 is being implemented, where citizens of Georgia are the beneficiaries of the Cherokees land. The Cherokees attempted to fight for themselves with the government on the opposition. Despite some of the Cherokees having no anticipate in that they will regain their land, a group of them was totally opposed to the removal. One of the strong believers that the Cherokees should not be removed from their homeland was Principal Chief John Ross. He had support from the majority of the people. However, a rift among the people created instability to the Cherokee government.Various advantages helped the group that was opposed to the removal to be dominant and stronger. Firstly, nether the Principal Chief John Ross they had a control of the Cherokee government. This means that rebels were thrown out of the government once they were known. Secondly, they were the majority in this case, the people behind Principal Chief John Ross were much more than those that attempted to collaborate. This ensured that the rebellion became stronger. Thirdly, the elite among the Cherokees supported non-removal. These include Principal Chief John Ross, his brother among other leadership that were more enlightened.Despite their concerted efforts, the non-removal delegation was defeated because both the federal and state governments supported it. Upon the ratification of the Treaty of new Echota by the Senate, the battle was muzzy despite the push by Ross and his lea dership. In

Criminology 11 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminology 11 - Research Paper ExampleCertainly to a dupe of crime the sentencing phase is the most critical part of the justice system. The Canadian system incorporates the input of the victim whenever practical to do so. In this way the sentencing move focuses on addressing the damage inflicted by the offenders actions and its impact on the victim and to society, instead of focusing exclusively on the punishment aspect. If the person impeach of a crime either pleads or is found guilty, the court has many options. Prior to sentencing the judge generally requests a pre-sentencing report which provides information regarding the accused societys realistic prospects for rehabilitation. It also assesses the potential threat to the community they present. While preparing the report, the parole officer usually contacts the victim to establish the nature and significance of the physical, psychological, fiscal and material harms they suffered. (Victims, 2011).The Canadian government refo rmed the Criminal Code in September 1996. Included in these comprehensive reforms is sentencing guidelines that promote reparations for the various injuries inflicted on victims and the community. In addition, the sentencing guidelines are meant to teach the offender a sense of responsibility and appreciation of the hurt caused to the victim(s) and to society. Both of these objectives demonstrate the restorative nature of the sentencing phase in the Canadian system of justice. However, this rethinking of sentencing procedures does not replace but adds to the traditional objectives of sentencing such as deterrence, denunciation and rehabilitation.The addition of restorative sentencing in 1996 was referred to as a watershed marker the most significant reform to the law of sentencing in Canadas history by the Supreme Court of Canada when considering the Gladue decision. (Making, 2012). The high court

Counseling African Americans Essay Example for Free

Counseling Afri slew Americans EssaySue and Sues Chapter 14 Counseling African Americans spends a great deal of effort exploring cultural particulars and corresponding clinical implications while liveing with African Americans factors such as family dynamics, educational orientation, spirituality, and the pressures and stress of racism and marginalization. This offered me perspective through a lens much broader than my own somewhat narrow, predominantly white, and fairly privileged way of relating to the world. in advance under stand up cultur whollyy appropriate interventions, one must(prenominal) render an understanding of the cultural context or the cultural word of an individual. For me, this first means that differences must be noted, either literally in relationship with the African American client or simply as a clinical observation I make on my own. Of course the difference in the cardinal will depend on the client, context, and general relevancy in the mo workforcet . In my own experience, noting racial difference aloud with a client has been most helpful in that it gives permission for the potentially taboo topic of race and differences to be geted, brought into the space at a later time, and even into the forefront of consciousness.Apart from the explicit therapeutic relationship, noting difference is a personal reminder that I am no well(p) on anyones experience but my own, I may make mistakes (and probably will), I should steer clear of assumptions, its ok to be curious, and to do my homework. Once a general understanding of differences is established, then one can begin to consider appropriate therapeutic interventions. Lets take the comeback of racism and discrimination the byproduct of these atrocities oftentimes manifests as defense and survival mechanisms in Black Americans.Which can lead to a general mistrust or as its stated (by Sue and Sue) a healthy cultural paranoia, as a way of co irisg. This mistrust can be of individuals, en tire races of people, the government, amicable service providers With this in mind, its important to determine what the clients feelings and understandings about therapy are. To touch base and explain what kind of therapy I engage in, how it can be helpful to them, and what can be expected of our time together. Hopefully this will help to assuage uneasy feelings of fear of the unknown or mistrust, as well as set up a foundation for a healthy therapeutic alliance.Although Sue and Sues Afrocentric perspective can be helpful it can also simultaneously be viewed as reductive. Its important not to discount individual differences by universalizing traits of African Americans. Self cannot be defined as a unitary concept evolving from a single defining variable, such as race or gender (Williams, 1999). For instance, not all women are nurturing, caring, and relational. Similarly, not all African Americans possess an African ethos of communalism or spirituality. Race, class, sexual orientati on, and gender are all complex interactive components that make up the self.To approach a client through the lens of only one of these variables, means potentially silencing a central component of their identity. Additionally, it is also necessary to consider an internal state without regard to the social demands of each variable. Collectively, these considerations can aide to a more holistic view when working with African American clients. component Two After spending a year in practicum at the SF county jail, I feel as though Ive had a fairly mightily introduction to working with African American females.When I began practicum I had had very little training in diversity or cross-cultural counseling. Turns out that a year in the jail was one large training in diversity and cross-cultural counseling Now Im able to pin my personal experience against the readings and gauge my success as a culturally competent therapist. When assessing my strengths, I find that I possess a keen and tremendously empathic understanding of how the stress of racism, sexism, and oppression can manifest in African American women. Oftentimes the byproduct of this stress is what brings the individual to jail.As a clinician, I can confidently say that I am able to enter the therapeutic relationship with a greater capacity for empathy because of this understanding and course a strong alliance as an ally as well as a therapist. Im not afraid to make mistakes and rent no attachment to being right these qualities will only support me as a clinician. In addition, my upfront demeanor and willingness to self-disclose have had a unparalleled impact on the therapeutic relationship. My empathy is strongly with women and their plight of identifying and addressing all the isms that stand between them and equality, wholeness, and health.Frequently, those isms are at the hands of men and I certainly have a bias towards this, and towards men in general. Its no accident that I spent an entire year of practicum working solely with women although it wasnt a conscious choice, I believe on some level I chose not to work with men. I have incredible biases towards men as perpetrators and oppressors and men and their privilege, African American men as well as Caucasian. These biases keep me terrified at the thought of working with male clients. I imagine wads and heaps of countertransference between male clients and myself countertransference that is full of pain and rage.Im not sure that I have much to offer men at bottom the therapeutic space. I dont believe this to be my final answer, I just know that I have some work to do around my relationship with men before I make the leap of working with them in such sacred space. Essentially, it all comes down to two core qualities- and they are humility and flexibility humility in all that I think I know and the flexibility to shift or throwing away that knowledge. My experience of working with, knowing, and reading about African Americ an culture, difference, and oppression may or may not serve me as a therapist at any given moment.What works for and makes sense in the context of Client A, may not be so for Client B, and vise versa. Although it is essential to have fundamental knowledge of the legacy of oppression against African American people and to consider factors such as interdependence, collectivism, and emotional vitality as presumed long- standing black personality traits, I must also be able to draw connections between those factors and the individual experience- much like the womanist techniques mentioned in Carmen Braun Williams obligate African American Women, Afrocentrism and Feminism Implications for Therapy.As a therapist, I am responsible for guiding and supporting the client in making the shift from intention to subject transferring ownership of self from one whose self is externally determined to one who is self- determining (Freire, 1990). And practice practice practice, with an open heart, e ars, and mind. References Braun Williams, C. (1999). African American women, afrocentrism and feminism Implications for therapy. Women Therapy, Vol. 22(4) 1999. Freire, P. (1990). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York Continuum. Sue, D. Sue, D. (2008). Counseling the culturally diverse Theory and practice, Chapter 14.

Is Psychology a Science Essay Example for Free

Is Psychology a Science EssayPsychology is normally defined as scientific study of human behaviour and cognitive processes. Broadly speaking the discussion focuses on the different branches of psychology, and if they are indeed scientific. However, it is inbuilt in this to debate to understand exactly the major features of a science, in order to judge if psychology is in fact one.There must be a definable subject matter this changed from conscious human thought to human and non-human behaviour, then to cognitive processes within psychologys first eighty years as a separate discipline. Also, a theory construction is important. This represents an attempt to explain observed phenomena, such as Watsons attempt to account for human and non-human behaviour in terms of classical conditioning, and Skinners subsequent attempt to do the same with operant conditioning. Any science must have hypotheses, and indeed test them.This involves making peculiar(prenominal) predictions about beha viour under certain specified conditions, for example, predicting that by combining the sight of a rat with the sound of an iron bar banging poop his head, a small child will learn to fear the rat, as is the case of Little Albert (1923). Also, empirical methods are used in scientific palm to collect data, relevant to the hypothesis being tested, as is the case in many psychological experiments, such as the use of brain scanning in Dement and Kleitmans 1957 study.Science is meant to be objective and unbiased. It should be free of values and discover the truths about what it is studying. Positivism is the view that science is objective and a study of what is real. For example, schizophrenia, when diagnosed as being caused due to excess dopamine, is being studied in a scientific manner. The explanation does not take into account any cultural usance or individual differences that might lead to schizophrenic behaviour.However, even in scientific research like this the person is doing the diagnosing has his or her own views, and may misinterpret behaviour because of his or her own subjective biases. For example, if someone talks about hearing voices, they may be referring to a spiritual experience, but a medical practitioner might well diagnose schizophrenia. So objective, value-free study is not easy, because the scientist has views and biases, and cultural or other issues are perhaps important factors. many say that a truly objective study is not possible. In conclusion, its a science.

Indias Space Programme Essay Example for Free

Indias blank space Programme EssayThe country is this instant capable of launching its own spacecraft. In fact, it offers this portion to many other countries. Now India has made landmark progress with the launch of Chandrayan for its moon agency. India started its space programme with the launch of first space artificial satellite Aryabhatta on April 19, 1975. This space satellite was named after the great Indian astronomer and mathematician of the 5th century, Aryabhatta. It was launched from a soviet cosmodrome with the ease of a Soviet rocket. It marked Indias demon leap and made her the eleventh country to join the space club. The second satellite Bhaskara was launched on June 7, 1979. It was also launched from a Soviet cosmodrome. It was named after two rarified personalitiesBhaskara I and Bhaskara II. It was followed by Rohini. It was the first Indian satellite put into the space by SLV-III, an Indian rocket. It was launched from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh on July 9, 1980. It was developed by the scientists of ISRO.It was the success of the mission of SLV-III which brought recognition to the space programme of India. Indias fourth satellite Rohini II was launched by the launch vehicle SLV-III from Sriharikota on May 31, 1981. It was designed to provide reclaimable data for 300 days. It was weighted 38 kg. It was known as Indias first development rocket flight. Unfortunately, it burnt in space on June 8, 1981, without complementary its mission. Bhaskara II, Indias fifth satellite in space, was launched on November 20, 1981 from Soviet cosmodrome Volgograd. It was the earth observation satellite. It was a milestone in the space journey of India as it brought to India the prise of being a space nation. Apple, an experimental geostationary communication satellite, was launched on June 19, 1981. It was launched with French coordination. With this, India entered the domestic satellite communication era. India launched INSAT-1A on April 10, 1 982. India joined the select aggroup of technically advanced countries. But this mission failed on September 6, 1982. In April 1983, India successfully launched Rohini satellite (RS-D-2).It marked the opening of new horizons for India. Indias ninth satellite INSAT-1B became fully operational in October 1983. It was the worlds first geo-stationary satellite combining services like telecommunication, mass communication and meteorological. It was launched in August 1983 from US Space Shuttle Challenger. Indias space programme is primarily driven by the vision of great scientist Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. He is considered as the Father ofIndian Space Programme. The main objective of Indias space programme has been to promote the development of application of Space Science and technology for socio-economic benefits of the country. The launching of Chandrayan I in 2008 marked a milestone in the history of space technology of India. Chandrayan will orbit around the earth for two years. During t he period, it will send data to scientists.The scientists with the help of the data will study various aspects of moon, and will prepare a map of the moon. The map will further help in the study of moon. thus onward India made successive progress in the field of space research. It launched INSAT series satellite which made Indias position stronger in the comity of nation. India has now become self-reliant in terms of launching vehicles and telecommunications. Now India offers telecommunication services to other countries. The launching of satellites like IRSs, ASLVs, PSLVs have placed India in the exclusive club of four nationsUSA, Russia, France and Israel. Captain Rakesh Sharma was the first astronaut of India. Now the country enjoys a respectful position in the countries of the world.

Benchmarking as a Tool to Improve Business Practices

Benchmarking as a Tool to Improve Business PracticesBenchmarking( stovepipe exe attenuatee benchmarking or touch benchmarking) is a functioning use in management and particularly strategic management, in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their processes in relation to outdo habituate, normally at heart their own sector. Dimensions typically measured be flavour, time, and be. Improvements from learning mean doing things better, faster, and cheaper. This then allows organizations to develop plans on how to adopt such best practice, usually with the aim of increasing some aspect of capital punishment. Benchmarking is lots treated as a continuous process in which organizations continually seek to challenge their practices. inevitably AND BENEFITS FOR BENCHMARKINGOrganizations use benchmarking for a variety of purposes. Some organizations arrange benchmarking as part of an overall problem-solving process with a clear mandate for organizational improvement .Other s position benchmarking more as a proactive mechanism to keep themselves aware of the state-of-the-art business practices. Some of the reasons organizations use benchmarking processes areSTRATEGIC PLANNINGIt requires a thorough knowledge of the securities labor place, the likely activities of the competition, the state of the art regarding products or services being produced, financial requirements for doing business in market, and the customer base. Benchmarking is useful tools for hookup reading in these areas during the process of strategic planning. This type of information potful shape a business strategy in a more existent passion, or at least help identify the risks of doing business in certain markets.FORECASTINGBenchmarking information is often used to gauge the state of the grocery and to forecast market potentials .it also provides a source of information regarding the business directions of key players in the marketplace, trends in product/service developments, pa tterns of consumer behaviour and so on. in many industries, the business direction of a few major companies can shape the direction of an entire marketplace.forecastion the activities of these types of organizations often provides their competitors and support services companies with important information about future implications for their businesses.NEW IDEASBenchmarking is an excellent source of new ideas. One of the primary large scale benchmarking is that it exposes individuals to new products, work processes, and ways of managing guild resources.benchamarking requires that individuals relieve hotshotself formal contacts outside their oragainizations.the reward is exposure to different ideas and approaches to conducting business. It also provides an opportunity for employees to think out of the box to consider alternative paradigms and to engage in What if thinking. yield/PROCESS COMPARISONSA common type of benchmarking involves the collection of information about the produc ts or processes of competitors or excellent companies. This information is often collected and used as a standard of comparison for similar products or services of the benchmarking organization. This type of benchmarking confirms more costly with traditional competitive intelligence activities. in these competitions product or service is compared feature by feature with the product or servic3e of the company performing the analysis.GOAL SETTINGBenchmarking is used as a means of identifying best practices. The standards set by excellent companies in many cases define what is possible on a state of art writ of executions scale.These goals can help organizations accelerate their performance curves as they strive for continual improvement.Many small to medium size companies cannot hope to achieve the levels of performance of excellent companies that have far greater access to technologies,capital,or other resources.However,these companies can benefit dependant on organizational resour ces.PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TOOLBenchmarking is defined as the process of identifying and learning from the best practices in the world. By identifying the best practices, organizations know where they stand in relation to other companies. The other companies can point out problem areas and provide possible solutionsBenchmarking allows organizations to better commiserate their administrative procedures, and targets areas for improvement. In addition, benchmarking can eliminate waste and improve a companys market share.CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT TOOLBenchmarking is increasing in popularity as a tool for continuous improvement. Organizations that faithfully use benchmarking strategies achieve a cost savings of 30 to 40 percent or more. Benchmarking establishes methods of measuring each areas units of create and costs. In addition, benchmarking supports the process of budgeting, strategic planning, and capital planning.ENHANCED PERFORMANCE TOOLBenchmarking also allows companies to learn new and innovative approaches to issues facing management, and provides a basis for training. Benchmarking improves performance by setting achievable goals.ENHANCED LEARNING TOOLAnother reason to benchmark is to overcome disbelief and to enhance learning. For example, hearing about another(prenominal) companys successful processes and how they work helps employees believe theres a better way to compete.GROWTH POTENTIAL TOOLBenchmarking may cause a needed change in the organizations culture. After a period of time in the fabrication, an organization may become too practiced at searching inside the company for growth. The company would be better off looking outside for growth potential. An outward-looking company tends to be a future-oriented company usually leading to an enhanced organization with change magnitude profits.JOB SATISFACTION TOOLBenchmarking is growing and changing so rapidly, benchmarkers have banded together and developed how-to networks to share methods, successes , and failures with each other. The process has successfully produced a high degree of job satisfaction and learning.HELPS OVERCOME PARADIGM BLINDNESSBenchmarking is a powerful management tool because it overcomes paradigm blindness. Paradigm Blindness can be summed up as the mode of thinking, The way we do it is the best because this is the way weve always done it. Benchmarking opens organizations to new methods, ideas and tools to improve their effectiveness. It helps crack through protection to change by demonstrating other methods of solving problems than the one currently employed, and demonstrating that they work, because they are being used by others.COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKINGSome authors call benchmarking best practices benchmarking or process benchmarking. This is to distinguish it from what they call competitive benchmarking.Competitive benchmarkingis used in competitor analysis. When exploreing your direct competitors you also research the best company in the patience (e ven if it serves a different location) .(MichaelJ.Spendolini n.d.)BENCHMARKING PROCESSIdentify your problem areas Because benchmarking can be applied to any business process or function, a range of research techniques may be required. They include informal conversations with customers, employees, or suppliers exploratory research techniques such as focus groups or in-depth marketing research, quantitative research, surveys, questionnaires, reengineering analysis, process mapping, quality control variance reports, or financial ratio analysis.Identify organizations that are leaders in these areas Look for the very best in any industry and in any country. Consult customers, suppliers, financial analysts, trade associations, and magazines to determine which companies are worthy of study.Survey companies for measures and practices Companies target specific business processes using detailed surveys of measures and practices used to identify business process alternatives and leading compan ies. Surveys are typically masked to protect confidential data by neutral associations and consultants.Visit the best practice companies to identify leading edge practices Companies typically agree to mutually exchange information beneficial to all parties in a benchmarking group and share the results within the group.Implement new and improved business practices Take the leading edge practices and develop implementation plans which include identification of specific opportunities, funding the project and marketing the ideas to the organization for the purpose of gaining demonstrated value from the process.THE ETHICAL ASPECTS OF BENCHMARKINGIn benchmarking, ethics is defined as principles, guidelines, or standards that determine a protocol of interaction surrounded by individuals and organizations.Many ethical questions may arise in the course of a benchmarking procedure. Two of the main questions which Johnson deals with are* Can the recipient take credit for evolution the idea, approach, and so forth?* If the benchmarking partner received information of tremendous value, can they take credit for it in their advertising?These questions cannot be answered quickly or easily. Partners in the benchmarking process need to communicate their expectations and feelings on these issues, and to follow some basic guidelines. They should establish specific and detailed ground rules. This includes the notion that ideas are not shared out to gain competitive advantage, but are shared so both partners can improve or benefit. Questions should not be asked about a companys crank data partners shouldnt be pressured to divulge this information to continue the benchmarking process. Data should be treated as confidential it shouldnt be used to limit competition or to gain business. (MichaelJ.Spendolini. THE BENCHMARKING BOOK. AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION-AMACOM.)COST OF BENCHMARKINGBenchmarking is a moderately expensive process, but most organizations find that it more tha n pays for itself. The three main types of costs areVisit costs This includes hotel rooms, travel costs, meals, a token gift, and lost labour time.Time costs Members of the benchmarking team will be investing time in researching problems, finding exceptional companies to study, visits, and implementation. This will take them away from their regular tasks for part of each day so additional staff might be required.Benchmarking Database be Organizations that institutionalize benchmarking into their daily procedures find it is useful to create and maintain a database of best practices and the companies associated with each best practice now.TYPES OF BENCHMARKINGProcess benchmarking The initiating firm focuses its observation and investigating of business processes with a goal of identifying and observing the best practices from one or more benchmark firms. Activity analysis will be required where the aim is to benchmark cost and efficiency increasingly applied to back-office proce sses where outsourcing may be a consideration.Financial Benchmarking Performing a financial analysis and comparing the results in an effort to assess your overall competitiveness and productivity.Benchmarking from an Investor perspective- Extending the benchmarking universe to also compare to peer companies that can be considered alternative investment opportunities from the perspective of an investor.Performance Benchmarking Allows the initiator firm to assess their competitive position by comparing products and services with those of target firms.Product Benchmarking The process of designing new products or upgrades to current ones. This process can sometimes involve reverse engineering which is taking apart competitors products to find strengths and weaknesses.Strategic Benchmarking Involves observing how others compete. This type is usually not industry specific, heart it is best to look at other industries.Functional Benchmarking A company will focus its benchmarking on a sin gle function to improve the operation of that particular function. Complex functions such as Human Resources, Finance and Accounting and Information and Communication Technology are unlikely to be directly like in cost and efficiency terms and may need to be disaggregated into processes to make valid comparison.Best-in-class Benchmarking Involves studying the leading competitor or the company that best carries out a specific function.Operational Benchmarking Embraces everything from staffing and productivity to office flow and analysis of procedures performed.Energy Benchmarking Developing an accurate model of a buildings energy habit with the purpose of measuring reductions in usage.As mentioned earlier, many companies use the benchmarking process Avon Products, Exxon Chemical, Microsoft, Ford, and General Motors.Xerox is known as the pioneer of benchmarking. By benchmarking, Xerox cut quality problems by two-thirds, cut manufacturing costs in half cut development time by two-thi rds and while increasing volume cut direct labor by 50 percent and corporate staff by 35 percent. All improvements were not a direct result of benchmarking The improved process and climate indirectly improved the rest of the organization.General Motors (GM) compares itself to the best-in-class company. This benchmarking shows GM where they are going wrong and that it is possible to do it better. The company compared its labor hours per vehicle to Fords GM had 30 labor hours per vehicle Ford only had 19 a dramatic gap. GM also benchmarked from Toyota. Toyota was superior in four areas defects per vehicle, warranty cost per vehicle, order response time, and fasteners per car. GM needed to improve in all these areas for future success. The company also looked at Suzuki, regarded as a leader in properly painting vehicles the first time. Finally, GM looked at NUMMI in three areas external JIT parts, internal JIT parts, and fastener part numbers.Due to the suffering automotive market i n the early 1980s, Ford needed to change its operations to cut costs. Ford managers believed they could improve processes in the accounts collectible department. After gathering, analyzing, and comparing data with Mazdas accounts payable operations, Ford retooled its own accounts payable operations and reduced costs by 5 percent. (DEAN ELMUTI 1997)CONCLUSIONBenchmarking has consequences which are beyond the process itself it reforms all the levels of the company. modifies the process of bring about of the product leads(drives) also reforms the hierarchical organization of the company, the product itself, and the state of mind of the employeesThere is no doubt that benchmarking is here to stay. Any company should benchmark if it unavoidablenesss to attain frontmost competitive capability, prosper in a global economy, and above all, if it wants to survive. These trends are not an option for companies anymore they should be done by all who want to remain competitive. All companies strive to be profitable, competitive, and successful. Benchmarking can help any company succeed-as long as it is applied correctlyABSTRACTBenchmarking is the search for industry best practises. Improvements from learning mean doing things better, faster, and cheaper. This then allows organizations to develop plans on how to adopt such best practice, usually with the aim of increasing some aspect of performance. Benchmarking is often treated as a continuous process in which organizations continually seek to challenge their practices.Benchmarking is a way to move away from tradition and one of the major strategic management tools. It carefully dissects the organization into segments, and then removes and inserts pieces to account for changing environments. Changes occur once the process has started, and will continue to change and go the organization for as long as individuals are continuously striving to make it better.